Abstract

This study explores the intellectual legacies of two prominent modern Ḥanafīs, the post-Mughal Indian Muḥammad Anwar Shāh Kashmīrī (d. 1352/‌1933) and the Ottoman Muḥammad Zāhid al- Kawtharī (d. 1371/‌1952), within the context of the religious and political upheavals of the early fourteenth/‌twentieth century. While both scholars share educational backgrounds rooted in parallel sub-Ḥanafī traditions—the Darsi Niẓāmī and the Ottoman curriculum, respectively—nuanced methodological disparities become apparent upon closer scrutiny. By juxtaposing their respective milieus, academic competencies, literary output, and theological, legal, and hermeneutic frameworks, this paper underscores their idiosyncratic perspectives and enduring influences in the landscape of contemporary Ḥanafī thought.

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